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What is Ransomware? How to Protect Your Computer

Introduction

In today’s digital world, computers and the internet have become an essential part of our daily life. We store important data such as documents, photos, videos, bank details, and official records on our computers. With the growth of technology, cyber crimes have also increased rapidly. One of the most dangerous cyber threats is Ransomware.

Ransomware is a type of malicious software that can completely block access to your computer or data and demand money to restore it. Many individuals, companies, schools, hospitals, and even government organizations have been affected by ransomware attacks.

What is Ransomware?

Ransomware is a type of malware (malicious software) that encrypts files or locks the computer system of a user and demands a ransom (money) from the victim to regain access to the data or system.

Once ransomware enters a computer, it:

  • Encrypts important files (documents, images, videos, databases)
  • Prevents the user from opening those files
  • Displays a message demanding payment (usually in cryptocurrency like Bitcoin)

Even after payment, there is no guarantee that the attacker will restore the data.

How Ransomware Works (Step-by-Step)

  1. Infection – Ransomware enters the system through email, website, USB drive, or software.
  2. Execution – The malicious file runs automatically or when the user opens it.
  3. Encryption – All important files are encrypted using strong algorithms.
  4. Ransom Demand – A message appears asking for money within a time limit.
  5. Threat – Attackers threaten to delete files or increase ransom if payment is not made.

Types of Ransomware

1. Crypto Ransomware

This type encrypts files and makes them inaccessible.

  • Example: WannaCry, CryptoLocker
  • Most common and dangerous type

2. Locker Ransomware

This locks the entire computer or screen.

  • User cannot access desktop or applications
  • Example: Police Locker

3. Scareware

Shows fake warnings and threats.

  • Claims system is infected
  • Demands payment to “fix” the issue

4. RaaS (Ransomware as a Service)

Cyber criminals sell ransomware tools to others.

  • Even non-technical criminals can launch attacks

Real-Life Example of Ransomware Attack

WannaCry Ransomware Attack (2017)

WannaCry was one of the biggest ransomware attacks in history.

  • Affected over 200,000 computers in 150+ countries
  • Targeted Windows operating systems
  • Hospitals, banks, and companies were affected
  • Demanded payment in Bitcoin

Many hospitals had to cancel operations because patient data became inaccessible.

Common Sources of Ransomware Infection

Ransomware usually spreads through:

  • Malicious email attachments
  • Fake software downloads
  • Pirated or cracked software
  • Infected USB drives
  • Fake ads and pop-ups
  • Unsafe websites
  • Outdated operating systems

Signs Your Computer is Infected with Ransomware

  • Files suddenly cannot be opened
  • File extensions change
  • A ransom message appears on the screen
  • Computer becomes very slow
  • Antivirus stops working
  • System locked or frozen

How to Protect Your Computer from Ransomware

1. Install a Trusted Antivirus

Use a reliable antivirus or internet security software and keep it updated.

2. Keep Your System Updated

Always update:

  • Operating system (Windows, macOS, Linux)
  • Browsers
  • Software and applications

Updates fix security vulnerabilities.

3. Do Not Open Suspicious Emails

  • Do not click unknown links
  • Do not download attachments from unknown senders
  • Verify email sender carefully

4. Avoid Pirated Software

Cracked software often contains hidden malware including ransomware.

5. Enable Firewall Protection

Firewalls block unauthorized access to your system.

6. Take Regular Data Backup

  • Use external hard drives or cloud storage
  • Keep backup offline or disconnected
  • Backup important files regularly

7. Use Strong Passwords

  • Use complex passwords
  • Avoid using the same password everywhere
  • Enable two-factor authentication (2FA)

8. Disable Auto-Run for USB Drives

This prevents malware from running automatically when USB is inserted.

9. Be Careful While Browsing

  • Avoid suspicious websites
  • Do not click fake pop-ups or ads

What to Do If Your Computer Is Infected?

If ransomware attacks your system:

  1. Disconnect from the internet immediately
  2. Do not pay the ransom
  3. Scan system using updated antivirus
  4. Restore files from backup (if available)
  5. Reinstall operating system if needed
  6. Report the incident to cyber crime authorities

Why You Should Not Pay the Ransom

  • No guarantee of data recovery
  • Encourages criminals
  • You may be targeted again
  • Loss of money and trust

Difference Between Ransomware and Other Malware

Feature Ransomware Virus/Trojan
Main Purpose Demand money Damage or spy
Data Encryption Yes No
User Lock Yes Rare
Ransom Demand Yes No

Conclusion

Ransomware is a serious cyber threat that can cause huge financial and data loss. With increasing dependence on computers and digital data, awareness and prevention are the best defenses. By following safe browsing habits, using security software, and taking regular backups, you can protect your computer and data from ransomware attacks.

Prevention is always better than paying ransom.

Ransomware – MCQs / Quiz

Q1. What is Ransomware?

A. A type of antivirus software
B. A hardware problem
C. A type of malware that demands money
D. A computer virus remover

✅ Correct Answer: C

Q2. What does ransomware mainly do?

A. Deletes system files
B. Encrypts files and demands ransom
C. Improves computer speed
D. Installs antivirus automatically

✅ Correct Answer: B

Q3. Which of the following is a common way ransomware spreads?

A. Legal software updates
B. Antivirus scans
C. Email attachments from unknown sources
D. System shutdown

✅ Correct Answer: C

Q4. Which type of ransomware encrypts files?

A. Locker Ransomware
B. Crypto Ransomware
C. Scareware
D. Spyware

✅ Correct Answer: B

Q5. Which payment method is commonly demanded by ransomware attackers?

A. Cash
B. Credit Card
C. Bank Cheque
D. Cryptocurrency (Bitcoin)

✅ Correct Answer: D

Q6. Which of the following is a famous ransomware attack?

A. ILOVEYOU
B. Trojan Horse
C. WannaCry
D. Blue Screen

✅ Correct Answer: C

Q7. What should you do first if your computer is infected with ransomware?

A. Pay the ransom
B. Restart the computer
C. Disconnect from the internet
D. Delete system files

✅ Correct Answer: C

Q8. Why is it not recommended to pay ransom?

A. It increases computer speed
B. No guarantee of data recovery
C. Antivirus stops working
D. System updates fail

✅ Correct Answer: B

Q9. Which is the BEST method to recover data after a ransomware attack?

A. Paying ransom
B. Using cracked software
C. Restoring from backup
D. Formatting keyboard

✅ Correct Answer: C

Q10. Which of the following helps prevent ransomware?

A. Using pirated software
B. Clicking pop-up ads
C. Regular data backup
D. Ignoring system updates

✅ Correct Answer: C