LAV PRATAP 
1. What is Hybrid Cloud? Hybrid cloud is a cloud computing environment that combines private cloud (or on-premises infrastructure) and public cloud services, allowing data and applications to be shared between them. This setup enables organizations to maintain control and security over sensitive data on private infrastructure while leveraging the scalability and cost-efficiency of public … Read more
Introduction Web3 is a term that represents the next generation of the internet—an evolution from the current centralized web to one that is decentralized, user-owned, and built on blockchain technology. It promises to shift control away from big tech companies and toward users themselves. The Evolution: Web1 → Web2 → Web3 Era Timeframe Description Examples … Read more
What is Serverless Computing? Introduction Serverless computing is a modern cloud computing model where developers build and run applications without managing the underlying infrastructure such as servers, storage, and network. Despite the name, it does not mean servers are eliminated — rather, the responsibility of provisioning, scaling, and managing them is handled by the cloud … Read more
A Complete Guide for Entrepreneurs and Developers Introduction Choosing the right cloud platform is one of the most important decisions for any startup in 2025. Whether you’re building a web app, mobile backend, eCommerce store, AI tool, or SaaS product, the cloud infrastructure you select will impact performance, cost, scalability, and time to market. With … Read more
Introduction: The Role of AI in Cybersecurity Artificial Intelligence (AI) has revolutionized cybersecurity defense systems by automating threat detection, improving response times, and enhancing the overall efficiency of security operations. In today’s digital age, where cyber threats are growing in complexity and volume, AI plays a critical role in proactively identifying and neutralizing threats before … Read more
As technology continues to evolve in 2025, so do the threats to digital security. Cybercriminals are using more advanced tools powered by AI, automation, and deep fake technologies, making cyber threats more dangerous and difficult to detect. Below are the top cybersecurity threats of 2025, along with examples for better understanding. 1. AI-Powered Phishing Attacks … Read more
What Is an NPU? NPU (Neural Processing Unit) is a specialized chip designed to accelerate AI and machine learning tasks directly on your device, instead of relying only on the CPU or GPU. Key Benefits: Top NPU-Powered Laptops in 2025 1. Microsoft Surface Laptop 6 (2025) Best for: Professionals & Students Why NPU Matters: Handles … Read more
Windows 12, expected to be a major evolution in Microsoft’s operating system lineup, is designed to revolutionize how we interact with computers — with Copilot AI at the center of it all. This new version of Windows isn’t just about looks or performance; it’s about integrating artificial intelligence deeply into the OS to make your … Read more
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is no longer just a buzzword. In 2025, we’re entering the age of AI PCs — computers that come with built-in hardware and software designed to run AI tasks efficiently right on the device. But what does this mean, and how does it affect everyday computing? What is an AI PC? An … Read more
Windows 11 is the latest major version of Microsoft’s Windows operating system, officially released on October 5, 2021. It is designed as the successor to Windows 10 and offers a modern, streamlined interface, better productivity features, and advanced security enhancements. It is built for both personal and professional use, focusing on: Key Features of Windows … Read more
CAT 6, short for Category 6, is a standard twisted pair cable for Ethernet and other network physical layers. It is commonly used in both residential and commercial network installations. 1. Technical Specifications Feature Details Maximum Data Rate 10 Gbps (Gigabits per second) Maximum Bandwidth 250 MHz Maximum Length for 10 Gbps 55 meters (180 … Read more
1. Introduction Breadth-First Search (BFS): BFS is a graph traversal algorithm that starts at the source node and explores all its neighboring nodes level by level, moving outward before going deeper. Depth-First Search (DFS): DFS explores a graph by going as deep as possible down one path before backtracking. It uses recursion or a stack. … Read more
1. Introduction Depth-First Search (DFS) is a fundamental algorithm used to explore nodes and edges of a graph. It starts at a source node and explores as far as possible along each branch before backtracking. DFS is like exploring a maze by going as deep as possible down one path before trying another. 2. Key … Read more
1. Introduction Breadth-First Search (BFS) is a graph traversal algorithm used to explore the nodes and edges of a graph in a layer-wise (or level-order) manner. It starts from a source node and explores all of its neighbors before moving to the next level neighbors. 2. Applications of BFS 3. Properties of BFS Property Description … Read more
1. Definition Term Description Synchronous Tasks are executed one after another, and each task waits for the previous to complete before continuing. It is blocking in nature. Asynchronous Tasks can be executed independently, and the program does not wait for a task to finish. It is non-blocking and continues executing other operations. 2. Real-Life Analogy … Read more
What is Asynchronous? In computing, Asynchronous refers to a method of execution where tasks are initiated and allowed to run independently of the main program flow. Instead of waiting for a task to finish, the program continues to run, and the task notifies the program when it’s done. It is non-blocking — meaning the execution … Read more
What is Synchronous? In computing, Synchronous refers to a method of executing tasks or operations sequentially, where each task waits for the previous one to finish before starting. In other words, the tasks are performed one after another in a blocking manner. When a function or process is synchronous, it blocks the execution of further … Read more
1. Introduction to ROM ROM (Read-Only Memory) is a type of non-volatile memory, meaning it retains its data even when the power is turned off. It is mainly used to store firmware — software that is closely tied to specific hardware and unlikely to need frequent updates. ROM is essential in the booting process of … Read more
1. Introduction to RAM RAM (Random Access Memory) is a type of volatile memory used in computers and other digital devices to store data and machine code currently being used. It provides space for the system to read and write data to be accessed by the CPU quickly. Unlike storage devices (like HDD or SSD), … Read more
1. Introduction In cryptography, the protection of data depends on encryption and decryption techniques. There are two primary methods: Both serve the purpose of securing data but differ significantly in key usage, security, speed, and application. 2. Definitions Symmetric Key Cryptography A cryptographic system where the same key is used for both encryption and decryption … Read more